Pressure Injuries and Prevention
Pressure injuries also called bedsores or pressure ulcers, are chronic skin surface issues due to prolonged pressure. Such kind of pressure injury mainly occurs in bedridden individuals. Such injuries are more likely to occur over the protruding bony parts of the body like the hips, elbow, tailbone, and so on. Since pressure injuries mainly occur in an individual who is already feeble, there is a high infection risk. If not treated properly, it may even become a life-threatening condition.
Doctors would often classify such injuries based on their severity, with stage 1 being the mildest form and stage 4 the most severe.
People who are at risk of pressure injuries
Pressure injuries only occur in a specific population group. Some of the individuals particularly at risk are:
- Immobile for long: Like individuals who are bedridden, confined to a wheelchair, or have limited mobility are at increased risk of developing pressure injuries. This is because prolonged pressure on the skin can cause damage to the underlying tissues, particularly in areas where the bone is close to the skin’s surface.
- Those with compromised sensory perception: Conditions such as diabetes or spinal cord injury can impair the body’s ability to sense pressure or discomfort, making individuals less likely to shift positions or adjust their posture to relieve pressure on vulnerable areas of the skin.
- Individuals living with malnutrition: Poor nutrition and hydration can impair the body’s ability to heal and regenerate tissues, making individuals more susceptible to pressure injuries.
- Advanced age: Older individuals may have thinner skin and reduced tissue elasticity, which can make the skin more susceptible to damage from pressure.
Signs and symptoms of pressure injuries
It is vital to identify pressure injuries early, before the development of open sores or ulcers, since stage 1 pressure injuries are relatively easier to treat. However, treatment becomes quite challenging once open wounds develop or become infected. Therefore, those at risk, like people living with diabetes, bedridden individuals, or those living with severe illness, must be frequently examined for early signs of pressure injuries.
- Redness or discoloration: In the early stages of a pressure injury, the affected skin may appear red or discolored. The skin may also feel warm to the touch.
- Pain or tenderness: Pressure injuries can be painful, particularly in the later stages of development when the underlying tissues are damaged.
- Changes in skin texture: As the pressure injury progresses, the affected skin may become hard, tender, or flaky. The skin may also be warmer or cooler to the touch than surrounding areas.
A person affected by the condition may develop blisters and open sores in the later stages. There is a high risk of these sores becoming infected. If sores become infected, they might develop a foul smell. Such open or foul-smelling sores require immediate medical attention.
Preventing pressure injuries
Pressure injuries can be challenging to manage as they occur in individuals living with poor health, immunity, and nutritional status. Moreover, most of them have various chronic health issues. Thus, it is vital to prevent pressure injuries in high-risk individuals. Some of the ways to prevent pressure injuries are:
- Repositioning: Regularly changing positions is key to preventing pressure sores. Using specialized cushions or mattresses may also help.
- Skincare: Maintaining good skin hygiene is important to prevent pressure sores. This includes keeping the skin clean and dry, using moisturizers to prevent dryness, and avoiding harsh soaps or abrasive cleaning techniques.
- Good nutrition: Eating a well-balanced diet that includes sufficient protein and nutrients is important for maintaining healthy skin and preventing pressure sores.
- Exercise and movement: Regular exercise and movement are essential for maintaining good circulation and preventing pressure sores. This can include stretching, range-of-motion exercises, or simply getting up and moving around regularly.
- Using specialized equipment: Specialized equipment such as pressure-relieving cushions, mattresses, or heel protectors can help to distribute pressure and reduce the risk of pressure sores.
- Getting regular check-ups: Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider can help identify individuals at increased risk of developing pressure sores and implement appropriate prevention strategies.
In conclusion, preventing pressure sores is essential for maintaining good health and well-being. By following prevention strategies such as repositioning, good skin care, good nutrition, and exercise, individuals can reduce their risk of developing pressure sores. It is also important to seek advice from a healthcare professional if you experience any signs or symptoms of a pressure sore, as prompt treatment can help to prevent further complications.
